A Machine Learning Processing Pipeline for Reliable Hand Gesture Classification of FMG Signals with Stochastic Variance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ForceMyography (FMG) is an emerging competitor to surface ElectroMyography (sEMG) for hand gesture recognition. Most of the state-of-the-art research in this area explores different machine learning algorithms or feature engineering to improve hand gesture recognition performance. This paper proposes a novel signal processing pipeline employing a manifold learning method to produce a robust signal representation to boost hand gesture classifiers' performance. We tested this approach on an FMG dataset collected from nine participants in 3 different data collection sessions with short delays between each. For each participant's data, the proposed pipeline was applied, and then different classification algorithms were used to evaluate the effect of the pipeline compared to raw FMG signals in hand gesture classification. The results show that incorporating the proposed pipeline reduced variance within the same gesture data and notably maximized variance between different gestures, allowing improved robustness of hand gestures classification performance and consistency across time. On top of that, the pipeline improved the classification accuracy consistently regardless of different classifiers, gaining an average of 5% accuracy improvement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".