Prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) ELISA-positive cows and assessment of MAP transmission risk on organic dairy farms in Ontario, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Johne's disease (JD) is caused by Mycobacterium avium spp paratuberculosis (MAP). It is an incurable, chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of cattle that causes diarrhea, weight loss, and reduced production. Commonly recognized risk factors for MAP transmission include purchase of subclinically infected cows and the infection of calves through ingestion of manure, colostrum or milk containing MAP shed by infected cattle. To limit the negative effects of JD on the dairy industry in Ontario, Canada, the voluntary Ontario Johne's Education and Management Assistance Program (OJEMAP) was implemented in January 2010. Producers can participate in MAP antibody ELISA testing and an on-farm risk assessment and management plan (RAMP) with their herd veterinarian. High RAMP scores are associated with high risk for MAP transmission. Organic farming is one of the fastest growing agricultural sectors worldwide. In Ontario, approximately 80 dairy farms (2% of all dairy farms) are certified organic. While most organic farmers tend to maintain closed herds, which would reduce the risk for JD introduction, they also often support prolonged contact between newborn calves and their dams. These and other factors could potentially influence the risk of MAP transmission as well as JD prevalence and prevention efforts on organic dairy farms. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the Johne's ELISA prevalence and Johne's disease transmission risk on organic dairy farms in Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".