Modeling capabilities on the formation of contrails in a commercial CFD code
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aircraft contrails may contribute to the global radiative forcing. In this context, the \ninvestigation of contrail formation in the near field of an aircraft engine may be helpful \nin developing numerical models to reduce undesirable impacts. This study is based on \nthree-dimensional CFD simulations with an ice microphysics module in order to \ninvestigate the ice particles formation and evolution behind a complex geometry of an \naircraft engine involving a bypass and a core flow. The Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged \nNavier-Stokes equations are used to model the flow. Particles emitted from the engine \nare tracked with a Lagrangian approach accounting for ice particles growth. The \nsimulations were carried out under realistic operation conditions for two aircraft \nengines: the CFM56-3 and the LEAP-1A, a recent one. The model can differentiate the \nformation threshold of ice particles between both engines (26 % earlier in term of \ndistance for the LEAP-1A). Then, larger mean ice particles are found at the end of the \nsimulation for the LEAP-1A (20 % larger). Finally, the results show that the optical \ndepth is higher for the CFM56-3 (360 % higher).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".