Excitatory postsynaptic calcium transients at Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses allow for quantal examination of synaptic strength over multiple days in culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The ability to monitor changes in strength at individual synaptic contacts is required to test the hypothesis that specialized synapses maintain changes in synaptic strength that underlie memory. Measuring excitatory post-synaptic calcium transients through calcium permeable AMPA receptors is one way to monitor synaptic strength at individual synaptic contacts. Using a membrane targeted genetic calcium sensor, we demonstrate that one can measure synaptic events at individual synaptic contacts in Aplysia sensory-motor neuron synapses. These results show that synaptic strength is not evenly distributed between all contacts in these cultures, but dominated by multiquantal sites of synaptic contact. The probability, quantal size and quantal content can be measured over days at individual synaptic contacts using this technique. Surprisingly, most synaptic contacts were not found opposite presynaptic varicosities, but instead at areas of pre- and post-synaptic contact with no visible thickening of membranes. This technique shows promise in being able to address whether specialized synapses maintain synaptic strength underlying memory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".