Activated release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde from imidazolidine precursors encapsulated in electrospun ethylcellulose-poly(ethylene oxide) fibers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Hexanal and salicylaldehyde are naturally-occurring antimicrobial volatiles from edible plants known for their efficacy for post-harvest preservation of fruits and vegetables. Due to their volatility and susceptibility to oxidation, these volatiles must be encapsulated within a carrier to control their release, especially when applied in modified atmnosphere and active packaging applications. In this study, salicylaldehyde precursor (SP; 1,3-dibenzylethane-2-hydroxyphenyl imidazolidine) and hexanal precursor (HP) were synthetized through a Schiff base reaction between these aldehydes and N,N ’-dibenzylethane-1,2-diamine. The structure of SP was confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. SP and HP, separately and in combinations, were encapsulated within ethylcellulose–poly(ethylene oxide) (EC–PEO) nonwoven membranes, using a free-surface electrospinning technique. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the morphology of the fibers varied substantially with SP and HP ratio. Specific interactions between SP and HP with the polymers were not detected from the FTIR spectroscopy analysis, suggesting that the precursors were mainly physically entrapped within the EC–PEO fiber matrix. Headspace gas chromatography showed that the release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde could be activated by contacting the precursor-containing electrospun nonwoven with an acidified agarose gel containing 0.003–0.3 M of citric acid. The delivery system can be promising for controlled release of hexanal and salicylaldehyde to extend the shelf-life of fruits and vegetables.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".