Compact Wideband Coupled-Waveguide Balun for Millimeter-Wave Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a compact wideband balun for millimeter-wave (mmW) applications, which is constructed from tightly coupled half-mode substrate-integrated waveguides (HMSIWs). This balun takes full advantage of the frequency-independent out-of-phase property of the odd TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5,0</sub> mode of the coupled-HMSIW system. As a result, a phase difference of 180° and balanced amplitudes between two balun outputs are obtained inherently over a wide frequency range. Thanks to the similarity of partial transverse fields, this odd mode can be excited by a conventional slotline in a straightforward manner. This design concept is verified by both simulation and measurement. Measurement shows that this balun has a fractional bandwidth of 97%, from 17 to 49 GHz, with a return loss of 10 dB at its unbalanced port; the in-band amplitude and phase imbalances between two balanced ports are within ±0.6 dB and ±5° (±10° at around 48 GHz), respectively. In addition, the core-circuit size of the proposed balun is about 0.2 λg x 0.57λg, where λg is the guided wavelength at the center frequency of 33 GHz.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".