Photoacoustic remote sensing 3D H&E histology with fluorescence validation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hematoxylin and Eosin (H and E) staining is the gold standard for the majority of histopathological diagnostics but requires lengthy processing times not suitable for point-of-care diagnosis. Here we demonstrate a 266-nm excitation Ultraviolet Photoacoustic Remote Sensing (UV-PARS) and Scattering Microscopy system capable of virtual H and E 3D imaging of tissues in conjunction with with confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) for validation in thick tissues. We demonstrate the capabilities of this dual-contrast system for en-face planar and volumetric imaging of human tissue samples exhibiting high concordance with the gold standard of H and E staining procedures as well as confocal fluorescence microscopy. To our knowledge, this is the first near real-time microscopy approach capable of volumetric imaging unstained thick tissues with virtual H and E contrast.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".