Eco-development response to climate change and the isostatic uplift of southwestern Finland: Case study of the Nordsund area
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Remediation of climate change induced by anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gasses and it precursors is the main focus today. However, less known is that the environment may also be subjected to relatively fast geological dynamical phenomena such as the isostatic uplift of Fennoscandia, parts of Canada and northwestern Russia. This uplift affects the archipelago along the coast of southwestern Finland and Sweden and causes the relocation of human activities. In this study we investigate the on-ground observed regression of the Gulf of Bothnia on the coasts of southwestern Finland and its implications on the country-side activities in the framework of the eco-development paradigm. We focus our study on the neighbourhood of the Nordsund peninsula (60°40’30”N, 21°37’14”E) between Keikvesi and Katavakarinselkä, representative for the whole Finnish archipelago with an average local isostatic uplift of 9 mm per year (5 mm in the South and 14 mm in the Merenkurkku area. The Nordsund peninsula contains a former bay of the Bothnia Sea, called Mustalahti, which is reduced to a lake since the direct way out of inner land precipitation to the open sea disappeared in the 1980s. We show that remotely sensed data on vegetation and surface wetness confirms this fast sea regression and the silting-up of the nearby lakes that drain precipitation to the Gulf. The changing of the Mustalahti over time and its vegetation is expressed in terms of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Normalized Difference Wetness Index (NDWI), derived from Landsat 7 data for May, 12 th 2000 and for Landsat 8 for April, 23 rd 2019 characterized by a 30 m x 30 m pixel resolution. We discuss this changing coastline in the framework of the Eco-Development paradigm which may rebalance nature, environment, humans and culture. This paradigm is a valid alternative against the past and present-day socio-economical dominant approach that contributed to the accelerated change of the Earth’s climate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".