<i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> in Its Environment: Effects of Temperature and Light on Resting Spore Survival in Soil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is an important disease on cruciferous crops worldwide. Management of clubroot is challenging, largely because of the millions of resting spores produced within an infected root that can survive dormant in the soil for many years. This study was conducted to investigate some of the environmental conditions that may affect the survival of resting spores in the soil. Soil samples containing clubroot resting spores (1 × 10 7 spores/g soil) were stored at various temperatures for 2 years. Additionally, other samples were buried in soil or kept on the soil surface in the field. The content of P. brassicae DNA and the numbers of viable spores in the samples were assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and pathogenicity bioassays, respectively. The results indicated that 4°C, 20°C, and being buried in the soil were more conductive conditions for spore survival than −20°C, 30°C, and at the soil surface. Most (99.99%) of the spores kept on the soil surface were nonviable, suggesting a negative effect of light on spore viability. Additional experiments confirmed the negative effect of ultraviolet light on spore viability because spores receiving 2 and 3 h ultraviolet light exhibited lower disease potential and contained less DNA content than the nontreated control. Finally, this work confirmed that DNA-based quantification methods such as qPCR can be poor predictors of P. brassicae disease potential because of the presence and persistence of DNA from dead spores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".