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Record W3134822772 · doi:10.1109/tcyb.2021.3054878

DLIN: Deep Ladder Imputation Network

2021· article· en· W3134822772 on OpenAlex
Ehsan Hallaji, Roozbeh Razavi‐Far, Mehrdad Saif

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueIEEE Transactions on Cybernetics · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicMobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Windsor
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMissing dataImputation (statistics)Computer scienceData miningBenchmark (surveying)Artificial intelligenceGeneralizationFlexibility (engineering)Artificial neural networkMachine learningAlgorithmMathematicsStatistics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Many efforts have been dedicated to addressing data loss in various domains. While task-specific solutions may eliminate the respective issue in certain applications, finding a generic method for missing data estimation is rather complex. In this regard, this article proposes a novel missing data imputation algorithm, which has supreme generalization ability for a vast variety of applications. Making use of both complete and incomplete parts of data, the proposed algorithm reduces the effect of missing ratio, which makes it suitable for situations with very high missing ratios. In addition, this feature enables model construction on incomplete training sets, which is rarely addressed in the literature. Moreover, the nonparametric nature of this new algorithm brings about supreme flexibility against all variations of missing values and data distribution. We incorporate the advantages of denoising autoencoders and ladder architecture into a novel formulation based on deep neural networks. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, a comparative study is performed using a number of reputable imputation techniques. In this process, real-world benchmark datasets from different domains are selected. On top of that, a real cyber-physical system is also evaluated to study the generalization ability of the proposed algorithm for distinct applications. To do so, we conduct studies based on three missing data mechanisms, namely: 1) missing completely at random; 2) missing at random; and 3) missing not at random. The attained results indicate the superiority of the proposed method in these experiments.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: Simulation or modeling
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.932
Threshold uncertainty score0.692

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.227
Teacher spread0.215 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it