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Revue de littérature détaillée sur les tests statiques et les essais cinétiques comme outils de prédiction du drainage minier acide

2014· article· en· W3134823759 on OpenAlexafffund
Hassan Bouzahzah, Mostafa Benzaazoua, Bruno Bussière, Benoît Plante

Bibliographic record

VenueEnvironnement Ingénierie & Développement · 2014
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicMine drainage and remediation techniques
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaFondation de l’Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue
KeywordsAcid mine drainageLeachateChemistrySulfideTailingsEnvironmental scienceMineralogyEnvironmental chemistryOrganic chemistryPhysical chemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Sulfidic mine wastes like tailings and waste rocks may generate acid mine drainage (AMD) when their sulfide minerals oxidize in contact with oxygen and water. AMD is considered the most significant environmental problem associated with the mining industry and therefore its prediction is of outmost importance. A reliable prediction enables to determine the type and cost of mine site remediation. AMD prediction is realized using static and kinetic testing. Static testing corresponds to acid-base accounting, which is the balance between the acid generating potential (AP) and acid neutralizing potential (NP). Static tests are widely used to determine the net neutralization potential (NNP=NP-AP) and/or the NP/AP ratio. However, this classification method involves an uncertainty area when AP and NP values are similar. In these cases, kinetic testing is used to rule out the acid generating potential of the wastes. Kinetic testing submits the material to an accelerated and controlled weathering process and gives information on the rates of sulfide oxidation and acid neutralization, the lag time before the onset of AMD, and the quality of the leachates. In this paper, the different static and kinetic tests are reviewed and compared with regards to their advantages and limits. The extensive literature review is summarized into tables on AMD prediction techniques. Les rejets miniers sulfurés, comme les stériles et les résidus de concentrateurs, lorsqu’ils sont soumis à l’action de l’eau et de l’oxygène atmosphériques peuvent générer du drainage minier acide (DMA) suite à l’oxydation des minéraux sulfurés qu’ils contiennent. Le DMA est considéré comme le plus important problème environnemental auquel l’industrie minière fait face, et vue la gravité des dommages que ce phénomène peut avoir sur l’environnement, sa prédiction est d’importance capitale. Une prédiction fiable est capable de déterminer le type et les coûts liés à la restauration des sites miniers générateurs de DMA. Elle se fait à l’aide des tests statiques et des essais cinétiques. Les tests statiques permettent de faire un bilan instantané entre le potentiel de génération d’acide (AP) et de sa neutralisation (NP). Les tests statiques sont largement utilisés pour classer les rejets miniers comme générateurs d’acidité ou non, en se basant sur le Pouvoir Net de Neutralisation (PNN=PN-PA) et/ou le rapport PN/PA. Cependant, cette classification est caractérisée par une zone relativement large où les rejets miniers sont incertains en termes de leur pouvoir de génération d’acide (PGA). Dans ce cas, on fait appel aux essais cinétiques qui soumettent les rejets miniers à une oxydation accélérée et contrôlée au laboratoire, et renseignent sur les taux des réactions d’oxydation-neutralisation, le temps de latence avant la génération du DMA et la chimie des effluents, permettant ainsi, une classification plus réaliste des rejets miniers. Dans ce papier, les différents types des tests statiques et essais cinétiques utilisés par l’industrie minière sont décrits et comparés avec leurs avantages et limites. Des tableaux de synthèses issus d’une importante revue de littérature sur ces outils sont présentés.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.005
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.013
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.010
Threshold uncertainty score0.033

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0050.013
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0020.002
Bibliometrics0.0060.006
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0030.003
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0020.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0100.006

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.257
Teacher spread0.238 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations13
Published2014
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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