Observation of pressure-induced electron transfer in SnC<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the high pressure behavior of stannous oxalate via Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) inside a diamond anvil cell. Phase transitions were observed to occur near 2.6 and 15 GPa which were reversible upon decompression to ambient conditions. When further pressurized above 15 GPa, the colorless material sustains irreversible chemical alterations and becomes bright red colored - darkening at higher pressures. Another irreversible phase transition occurred above 20 GPa. Concomitant with color change of the sample, we observed a softening of the ν(C-C) modes of the C2O42- anion via Raman spectroscopy. We performed a separate XAS experiment which indicates that the Sn2+ cation undergoes a partial reduction of the 2+ oxidation state with pressure which persists when the sample was depressurized to ambient conditions. Thus, electron density within the C-C bond in the oxalate anion appears to migrate toward the tin cation with pressure. This observation suggests that pressure can offer a very controllable means to vary cation-anion and unit cell dimensions (and thus the electric interactions causing electron movement) and thus the pressure-induced synthesis of novel materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".