Identification and virulence of <i>Fusarium falciforme</i> and <i>Fusarium brachygibbosum</i> as causal agents of basal rot on onion in Mexico
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fusarium basal rot is a major disease of onion production in Mexico. Recently, Fusarium falciforme and F. brachygibbosum were reported as two new causal agents of basal rot of onion in Mexico. However, little is known about the pathogenicity and virulence of these pathogens on this crop globally. The virulence (severity of disease) of F. falciforme and F. brachygibbosum isolates recovered in Culiacan Valley (Sinaloa, North-west Mexico) was determined and compared with isolates of F. oxysporum collected from the same crop and region. Two pathogenicity tests were conducted on onion under controlled conditions, one on onion bulbs, and another on onion seedlings of the cv. ‘Carta Blanca’. All of the isolates were pathogenic on onion, indicating that these three Fusarium species are a serious threat to production of this crop in the Culiacan Valley. The isolates showed significant differences in virulence, with F. falciforme the most aggressive at the bulb stage and F. brachygibbosum the most aggressive at the seedling stage, compared with F. oxsyporum. The isolates of these three species caused similar symptoms including yellowing and darkening of the vascular tissues on onion plants, highlighting the need for a specific diagnostic tool to discriminate among members of the species complex. This information is valuable for resistance breeding programmes, to reduce the devastating effects of Fusarium basal rot of onion in Mexico and worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".