First trimester antenatal care visit reduces the risk of miscarriage among women of reproductive age in Ghana.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Miscarriage is a common adverse pregnancy outcome in childbearing and an increasing global reproductive health problem. This study explored 1) the national prevalence of the first trimester (≤12 weeks) miscarriage among women (15-49 years) in Ghana, and 2) the influence of first-trimester antenatal care (ANC) visits on miscarriage risk. A cross-sectional study using the Demographic Health Survey (DHS- 2017) on maternal health in Ghana was conducted. We used a nationally representative subsample of (7,846) women with no or early ANC visit of the initial sample (25,062). Women with late ANC visit (≥12 weeks) and those who were never pregnant or had not given birth at the time of the survey were excluded from this analysis. We performed multivariable Poisson regression to estimate miscarriage risk (RR), its associated risk factors, and national prevalence. The national first-trimester miscarriage prevalence was 19.1%. Increasing maternal age and urban residence were significantly associated with the risk of first- trimester miscarriage (p <0.001) while early ANC visits lower the risk of miscarriage by 43% (p=0.0246). We found that first trimester ANC visit decreases miscarriage risk in Ghana and highlights the important role of early ANC visits in reducing miscarriages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".