Medication Therapy Management for Texas MediCAID Patients With Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease—A Pilot Study
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Pharmacists can play an important role in providing medication therapy management (MTM) services, which focus on appropriate medication use. This pilot study aimed to describe pharmacists' MTM service provision, results/outcomes of pharmacists' recommendations and resolution/acceptance rate among patients with high-risk asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: This was a prospective descriptive study of MTM services provided by community pharmacists to Texas Medicaid patients (5-63 years) with "high risk" asthma or COPD. Patients received in-person and telephone consultations that included medication review, asthma control test assessment, and education on adherence and proper medication/device use. Data extracted from MTM software was used to describe: reasons for MTM services, type of pharmacists' interventions, outcomes of pharmacists' recommendations and acceptance rate. RESULTS: Twenty-eight pharmacists provided 139 MTM interventions with 63 patients (2.2 interventions per patient). The most frequent intervention reason was complex drug therapy (53.2%), underuse of medication (8.6%), need for drug therapy (8.6%), new or changed prescription therapy (6.5%), and administration technique (5.0%). The resolution rate was 77.7%. Patient and prescriber, respectively, refused recommendation in 12% and 6% of the interventions. Outcomes included comprehensive medication review (46.7%), improved adherence (6.5%), therapeutic success (6.5%), improved administration technique (5.0%), and initiation of new therapy (5.0%). CONCLUSION: Through the provision of MTM, pharmacists were able to identify and intervene with medication-related problems. These interventions are instrumental in helping patients better manage their asthma/COPD. The high resolution rate was encouraging. Larger scale studies are needed to assess clinical and economic outcomes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it