The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. <b>14</b>. <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> Thunb.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. is an invasive alien liana native to northern regions of Japan, Korea, China, and Russia. Since its intentional North American introduction in the 1870s, it is now found across eastern Canada and the United States. Through an extensive adventitious root system and twining growth habit, C. orbiculatus smothers and girdles surrounding vegetation, drastically altering the environment and ecosystem processes. C. orbiculatus continues to be distributed as an ornamental. In addition, birds and small mammals consume its prolific fruit and facilitate novel introductions. C. orbiculatus is susceptible to glyphosate and triclopyr. Once established, however, management intensity is compounded by its extensive root system and continual resprouting and root-suckering. The climatic requirements across eastern Canada, ease of dispersal, and rapid growth suggest that C. orbiculatus will continue to spread across its introduced range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".