Multicanonical analyses of bluff airfoil drags in subcritical flows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We apply the multicanonical procedure in conjunction with an improved multi-resolution lattice Boltzmann model to evaluate the probability distribution function of the drag resulting from small but rarely occurring statistical deformations of a bluff airfoil NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0050 and on a more streamlined NACA0030 airfoil with a larger aspect ratio. This analysis enables the effect of surface roughness on drags in a subcritical fluid flow to be examined in detail and demonstrates that the magnitude of the pressure drag, which is the primary component of the bluff airfoil drag, correlates with the width of the Fourier spectrum of the perturbation on the airfoil, while surface smoothness correlates with the frictional drag reduction in the subcritical fluid flow. Moreover, the multicanonical analysis differentiates between bluff and streamlined bodies without separately evaluating frictional and pressure drags.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".