Fretting fatigue life assessment of overhead conductors using a clamp/conductor numerical model and biaxial fretting fatigue tests on individual wires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The fatigue life of overhead conductors is usually evaluated through experimental tests on clamp/conductor assemblies. Some recent studies aim to estimate the fatigue life of conductors using uniaxial tests on individual strands. This paper presents an innovative method for assessing the fretting fatigue life of overhead conductors combining the effect of both tension and bending loadings. It consists of coupling a numerical approach based on modeling the clamp/conductor assembly using the finite element method and an experimental one based on fretting fatigue tests on individual wires. A biaxial fretting fatigue test rig has been developed and validated through preliminary tests performed on 1350‐H19 aluminum wires under uniaxial and an equivalent biaxial loading. Tension and bending loadings obtained from the numerical model were then applied on individual wires. Results showed a good correspondence with existing experimental data of the fatigue tests carried on the aluminum conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) Bersfort conductor with a metal‐to‐metal suspension clamp.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".