Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Elderly: A retrospective, Single Center, Real-World Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background: The current study aimed to identify the effectiveness of TKA in improving functional outcomes in a predominantly elderly patient cohort.Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the patients admitted to a specialist orthopedic center from January 2018 to December 2019. a. Demographic and clinicopathological data and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores at admission were acquired and entered as continuous variables to assess the outcomes in regression models values lesser than 0.05 was considered significant. Data analysis by univariate regression and Wilcoxon signed-rank test was implemented by R software (ver. 3.6.3)Results: Mean duration of operation was 90.3±29.08 minutes. Intraoperative blood loss was 91.9±26.5 ml for females and 88.6±19.1 ml for males. Mean duration of surgery was 90.3± 29.08 minutes (90.19±23.19 in patients aged ≥65 years). The mean blood loss was 334.55±114.28 mL (349.26±107.43 mL in patients aged ≥65 years). Pain, function and stiffness outcome scores decreased significantly after TKA. Post-surgery, inpatient rehabilitation was attempted by 13.89%, whilst 88.88% of individuals attempted recuperation at home. Preexisting comorbidities like diabetes mellitus was present in 11.11% individuals whilst hypertension was present in 16.67% patients. Radiographic grading revealed 5% of patients with Grade 1 Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) classification, whilst 95% of patients demonstrated Grade 4 classification.Conclusion: Understanding the underlying factors that govern TKA patients' functional restoration of mobility may reduce the length of stay. In this aspect, TKA is a viable option for improving functional outcomes even in elderly patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".