Core Muscles Endurance in Sedentary Staffs with and without Nonspecific Chronic Low Back: A Cross-sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. Musculoskeletal dysfunction is one of the most important occupational health issues. Prolonged sitting may be a risk factor for low back pain (LBP) associated with reduced muscle endurance, although many people with a sedentary lifestyle and sitting-type job report no pain and discomfort in the lumbar region. In the present study, endurance of the core muscles in individuals with sedentary jobs with nonspecific chronic LBP were compared with those without LBP. Objective. The present study compared core muscle endurance in individuals with sedentary jobs with and without nonspecific chronic low back pain. Methods. A total of 50 sedentary staffs were selected and divided into LBP and control group. Trunk muscle endurance was measured in seconds using the McGill’s trunk flexor endurance test, the Sorenson’s trunk extensor endurance test, and the right and left trunk flexor endurance test (Side-bridge test). Differences between the two groups were analyzed using multivariate general linear models in 2 ways ANOVA. Results. There were no significant between-group differences in the raw endurance of the extensor, flexor, right/ left flexor muscles (P > 0.05). However, there were significant betweengroup differences in some self-reported physical fitness subscales (P < 0.05), duration of sitting at home (P = 0.035), frequency of assuming a slump sitting position (P = 0.049), and sitting with leaning back to the backrest (P = 0.02) at work. We developed uni- and multivariate general linear models, which showed adjustments to these parameters and unmasked fundamental between-group differences in extensor muscle endurance. Conclusions. Our finding does not support the popular opinion that daily sitting-while-at-work for long durations is necessarily associated with LBP. Instead, sitting posture, lower physical fitness levels, and shorter duration of sitting activities at home may be associated with reduced extensor muscle endurance in nonspecific chronic low back pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".