UNDERSTANDING THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DETERMINANTS OF OPEN INNOVATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Open Innovation (OI) assumes that businesses combine external and internal ideas as the primary means to accelerate internal innovation or access the market to commercialise their technologies. In the last decade, research interest has increased towards understanding OI in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Given the fast pace with which the literature has been developing in this area, there is a strong need to revisit the literature to investigate nuances, ambiguities and differences of opinion. This paper aims to systematically review OI in SMEs and survey the current state of his characteristics and determinants. 130 papers published in peer-reviewed journals are analysed. Findings suggest OI in SME differs considerably from OI in a large business, in terms of characteristics and determinants. The originality of the paper is rooted in the conceptual framework that illustrates how characteristics and determinants of OI in SME relate to each other in terms of input-output.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it