Multidisciplinary Modeling of Mantle Lithosphere Structure Within the Superior Craton, North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract New 3D multi‐azimuthal receiver function analysis identified four regional seismic discontinuities dipping at 7–13° within the mantle of the Superior craton of North America; most are discordant to known major upper crustal structures. Widely observed crustal‐scale structures with near‐vertical axial planes striking east‐west indicate that the most recent and dominant phase of folding and horizontal shortening strain occurred during the Kenoran (D2) crustal deformation concurrent with Au‐mineralization and peak metamorphism at 2.72–2.66 Ga. Two mantle discontinuities strike 065° and 249°, dipping to the southeast and northwest, respectively. These strikes roughly parallel the northern margin of the Superior craton and some intra‐cratonic features such as the axis of the Quetico Basin. Two discontinuities strike 355° and 187°, dipping to the east and west, respectively, and parallel to the western margin of the craton. Our new observations reveal neither moderately dipping, east‐west striking discontinuities nor coherent eclogitic layers characteristic of modern plate tectonic subduction zones. Prominent east‐ and west‐dipping mantle structures relate best to a Paleoproterozoic (Trans‐Hudson) deformation, which is rarely observed in the crust. A new analysis of mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts indicates that carbonatitic metasomatism predominates above some discontinuities where strongly localized conductivity occurs whereas kimberlitic metasomatism predominates below the discontinuities in the broadly conductive mantle.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".