Effect of <i>Ganjang</i> (Korean fermented Soy sauce) on renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system in Sprague‐Dawley rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of Ganjang (Fermented soy sauce) on renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system(RAAS) in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Animals were divided into 5 groups; Control(CT), NaCl(NC), Soy bean(SB), Meju(MJ), Ganjang(GJ). The order of Systolic blood pressure(SBP) among the groups were NC>>MJ>CT>GJ>SB. Na + concentration in the groups were as follows CT<GJ<NC=SB<MJ in urine. In feces, Na + was not significantly different. Ion excretion indirectly show activation of RAAS which was higher in CT compared to NC, SB, MJ and GJ. Plasma Renin level were as follows CT=NC>GJ>MJ=SB. However, plasma Angiotensin II level and aldosterone level were not significantly different. RAAS is activated by low salt concentration in blood or decreased blood flow. Plasma renin level of NC group was higher and SBP of NC group was increased; SBP of SB, MJ and GJ were decreased. Plasma Angiotensin II and aldosterone levels were not significantly different, although SBP in SB, MJ and GJ groups were decreased. However, mRNA expression of Renin expression was CT>NC=SB=MJ>GJ and Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) expression order was MJ>SB>NC=GJ=CT. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression was significantly low in GJ compared to other groups. Na + transporters expression showed similar results. And SB was lower in Na + /K + ATPaseα1(NKAα1) and Na + /H + exchanger3 (NHE3). MJ showed lower expression of Na + /HCO 3− (Bicarbonate) coexchanger (NBC) and Carbonic anhydrases II (CAII) and NHE3. MR is aldosterone receptor and its activation causes in reabsorption of sodium. Therefore, the decreased SBP in SB, MJ and GJ could be a result of low of Na transporters expression. In conclusion, this study showed that the probability of hypertension is lower in Soy sauce including diet compared to the high salt, evident by low level of SBP and sodium transporters in SB, MJ and GJ group compare to NC group. Support or Funding Information [This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(2015R1D1A3A01015869)]
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".