Relations of Time-Varying Circuit Parameters and Idlerless Parametric Harmonic Generation for Reconfigurable Frequency Multipliers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The idlerless relations between parametric harmonic generation and time-varying circuit parameters, such as elastance ( S), capacitance ( C), conductance ( G), and resistance ( R), are described in this work. It is shown that the time-varying response of the S, C, G, or R parameter is periodic with N-1 periods over one sinusoidal pumping cycle for N- times multiplication in idlerless reactive and resistive parametric multipliers. Under sinusoidal pumping and with the N-1 periods of the time-varying response described by Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind, the generation of odd- and even-order harmonics is realized. An approach of representing a transient train of impulses under sinusoidal pumping is also described to model the resistive multipliers. The minimum conversion loss (CL) and the maximum conversion efficiency of parametric multipliers are derived. It is shown that, at high relative frequencies, the proposed time-varying response is theoretically capable of achieving higher maximum efficiency than what is calculated with conventional idler-based multipliers. A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) switched-capacitor varactor (SCV) with tunable capacitance-voltage curves is utilized to build third-, fourth-, and fifth-order D-band reconfigurable frequency multipliers (RFMs). The simulations and measurements demonstrate the validity of the proposed theory of the tunable parametric harmonic generation. The relative bandwidths of the D-band RFM are 38.8%, 35.4%, and 25.5% with the output power at -26.6, -37.2, and -40.5 dBm for three-, four-, and five-times multiplications, respectively. An example of a D-band resistive multiplier with a tunable nonlinearity is also given.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".