Plasma PrPC and ADAM-10 as novel biomarkers for traumatic brain injury and concussion: a pilot study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a lipid raft protein abundant within CNS. It is regulated by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain containing protein 10 (ADAM10). PrPC has previously been implicated as a biomarker for TBI. ADAM10 has not been investigated as a TBI biomarker. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated PrPC and ADAM10 as candidate biomarkers for TBI. METHODS: We performed ELISA for ADAM10 and PrPC on plasma samples of patients with TBI admitted to Brigham and Women's Hospital. Plasma samples from 20 patients admitted for isolated TBI were acquired from a biobank with clinical information. Control plasma (37 samples) was acquired from a commercial source. GraphPad was used to conduct statistical analysis. RESULTS: < .001). ADAM10 exhibited greater expression in patients with worse clinical grade. There was no significant association of either PrPC or ADAM10 with time after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PrPC and ADAM10 appear to be useful potential tools for screening of TBI. ADAM10 is closely associated with clinical grade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".