Effect of Ionization on Aqueous Phase Radical Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid and Cationic Monomers
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The synthesis of polyampholytes by radical copolymerization of cationic and anionic monomers in aqueous solutions is investigated using in situ NMR to track monomer conversions and relative consumption rates. The batch copolymerization kinetics of two cationic monomers, 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride (TMAEMC) and 3-(methacryloylaminopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), with fully ionized acrylic acid (NaA) are compared with each other and also to their copolymerization with nonionized acrylic acid (AA). TMAEMC, with its ester functionality, exhibits higher reactivity than MAPTAC, with both of the cationic monomers preferentially incorporated into the copolymers relative to both AA and NaA. The increased relative incorporation rate of the cationic comonomers when copolymerized with NaA compared to AA is attributed to the electrostatic repulsion to addition of NaA monomer to an NaA radical and the favored cross-propagation steps between oppositely charged species. The data set is used to estimate system reactivity ratios that accurately capture the dependence of comonomer composition drift on initial monomer concentrations and composition.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it