Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wilder Penfield (1891-1976) is widely regarded as a dominant figure in 20th century neurobiology for his singular contributions to the structure-function relationship of the brain, his discovery of the language function of the supplementary motor area, the discovery (with Herbert Jasper and Brenda Milner) of the anatomy of recall, and his pioneering work in the surgical treatment of focal epilepsy. But another of his significant discoveries has escaped notice: the recognition that focal microgyria can generate epileptic seizures, and that these can be treated surgically. Penfield discussed the case of the patient through which this discovery was made during his Shattuck Lecture to the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1939. As Penfield gave only a fragmentary account of this case, the patient's chart was retrieved from the Montreal Neurological Institute archives, and his operative note and brain map, intraoperative photographs, and the histopathological and cytological examinations of the resected specimen were reviewed. Based on these primary sources, this paper provides a complete, detailed account of the first case in which microgyria was recognized as a cause of focal epilepsy, which was successfully treated surgically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".