An Emphasis on Engineering Controls and Administrative Controls in the Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in an Orthodontic Setting: Thinking Beyond Tomorrow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Most of the initial focus in handling COVID-19 had been based on avoiding exposure by refraining from rendering most treatments other than those considered an emergency or urgent. Post-lockdown, with the resumption of most activities, there has been concern over the possibility of transmission scenarios if sufficient care is not taken. The control and prevention of the spread of infections when elimination of exposure is not possible is chiefly achieved through the judicious use of engineering controls and administrative controls in a clinical setting in addition to the standard protocols and transmission-based protocols. True safety lies in being one step ahead. There have been mentions of the possibility that COVID-19 could be opportunistic airborne in its spread, in addition to being spread via saliva, droplets, and contaminated surfaces or objects. Method: A literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and advisories released by such organizations as the World Health Organization (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOFHW), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), American Dental Association (ADA), Canadian Dental Association (CDA), French National Dentists Association, Dental Council of Belgium, National Health Service, England (NHS UK), National Health Service Scotland (NHS Scotland), and International Society for Infectious Diseases (ISID) was performed, with search parameters aimed at gathering information pertaining to infection control and cross infection control in dental settings as related to orthodontics. Result: There have been numerous articles and advisories published over the last 20 years, but the main focus has been on safe practices and to an extent on personal protective equipment, with relatively less emphasis on the need for respiratory protection by way of engineering controls and administrative controls. This review highlights the engineering and administrative controls that can be put into effect to make infection control and prevention much more effective. Conclusion: Any health care facility must be able to prevent, contain, and control infections with no risk of nosocomial infections. For this, an assumption has to be made that every individual in a health care setting is either at risk or a risk, depending on whether the person is infected or not. Meticulous attention to stringent policies of hygiene and infection control and prevention, coupled with suitable supporting engineering and administrative controls, is to be made a standard way of life in such facilities.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".