Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on Hollow Heterojunction: A Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Chemiresistive gas sensors are widely used in tens of thousands of applications, from health and safety to energy efficiency and emission control. Fabrication of highly effective sensing materials is of great significance for the practical applications in efficient gas detection. Among numerous sensing materials, semiconductor‐based sensing materials with hollow and heterojunction structures demonstrate distinct advantages such as high sensitivity, low operating temperature, and fast response/recovery. In this paper, the mechanism of gas sensing by chemiresistive sensors, as well as the mechanisms responsible for enhanced sensing performance in hollow structure and heterojunction are reviewed. Both single‐shelled and multi‐shelled hollow heterojunction materials applied in gas detection are presented. Then, the design and application of open hollow heterojunction in gas sensing are discussed. This review provides a deeper understanding of innovative works on the material design of high‐performance sensing materials for gas detection. It also summarizes the key technical challenges in material development and points out the perspectives for future studies on the next generating of chemiresistive gas sensing materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".