Instability of parallel flow of two immiscible liquids in a pore and application to steam‐assisted gravity drainage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The instability at the interface between two parallel flows of immiscible liquids through a uniform planar pore is studied by using linear stability analysis. A characteristic equation determines the growth rate versus wavenumber, and instability conditions are determined. The instability is governed by a dimensionless group relating the ratio of gravity to interfacial tension. Interfacial tension has a stabilizing effect resisting the destabilizing gravitational force, limiting the range of wavelengths of unstable disturbances to be longer than a minimum critical wavelength. Application to flow of steam condensate and mobilized bitumen in the steam‐assisted gravity drainage process shows that the instability is possible only over a specific range of temperatures given the densities of the steam condensate and oil in the reservoir. This instability may contribute to forming an emulsion which could help support oil drainage if the oil is hosted by the more mobile water phase.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".