Cancer therapy-induced hyponatremia: A case-illustrated review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in patients with cancer and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Innovation in cancer therapies has led to substantial improvement in cancer outcomes, but also to new therapy-related toxicities, including electrolyte disturbance. Improvement in clinicians understanding of hyponatremia may mitigate adverse outcomes and improve quality of life in cancer patients. In this case-illustrated review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying drug-induced hyponatremia both in “classical” antineoplastic drugs and novel cancer therapies. Via these clinical cases, we describe hyponatremia caused by conventional chemotherapies (e.g. platinum compounds, vinca alkaloid, and alkylating agents) as well as hyponatremia related to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other targeted therapies. We also focus on checkpoint inhibitors-induced hyponatremia, as these agents are increasingly used for a wide variety of malignancies. Lastly, we summarize therapy-related hyponatremia among recipients of newer treatments for multiple myeloma.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".