Investigation of Water Leakage of Metro Segments Caused by Metro Underpass Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water leaking into metro segments is related directly to the presence of underground water. However, to date, the underground confined water channels formed by metro underpass reinforcement structures have not been considered as causes of the problem. In the present study, based on field investigations and geological data, confined water is identified as the source of segment leakage on Line 5 of Hangzhou Metro in China. It is then hypothesized that the problem stems from an underground confined water channel formed under the reinforced structure of the subway. Numerical simulations predict a settlement difference of 8–10 mm between the reinforcement area and the weak strata, and field monitoring data show this difference to be 8.62 mm. This consistency between the numerical simulations and the field measurements verifies the hypothesis. Finally, given the causes of underground confined water channels, corresponding technical measures such as piecewise secondary grouting are proposed to cut them off and avoid metro‐segment leakage. The present research results contribute to the causes of and the laws governing the metro‐segment leakage that occurs at subway stations and other reinforced structures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".