Zonisamide Treatment Delays Motor Neuron Degeneration and Astrocyte Proliferation in Wobbler Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background : Zonisamide (ZNS) had multifunctional effects on several kinds of neurons. Little is known about neuroprotective effects of ZNS on motor neurons. We aimed to study whether this drug can attenuate motor neuron degeneration in wobbler mice. Methods : Wobbler mice were injected daily two doses of ZNS (0.2 mg/kg , 2.0 mg/kg , i.p.) or vehicle from aged 3 - 4 weeks at disease onset for more than 4 weeks. Motor function was evaluated by pull-strength and deformity scale of the forelimbs. Those symptomatic assessment and body weight were measured weekly. Neuropathological changes of the biceps muscle and the cervical cord were analyzed at 4 weeks posttreatment. Results : ZNS treatment (2.0 mg/kg ) significantly delayed progression of forelimb motor dysfunction compared to vehicle (P less than 0.01). Gain of body weight did not differ statistically between three groups. Higher doses of ZNS administration decreased denervation atrophy in the biceps muscle (P less than 0.01), suppressed loss of motor neurons (P less than 0.01) and inhibited astrocyte proliferation (P less than 0.01). Conclusions : The present study indicated that ZNS treatment attenuated motor neuron degeneration and astrocytosis in the wobbler mouse. This drug may have a therapeutic potential for motor neuron disease. J Neurol Res. 2011;1(4):139-144 doi: https://doi.org/10.4021/jnr59w
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".