State Of Charge And Parameter Estimation Of Electric Vehicle Batteries
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to rising global environmental issues, electric vehicles (EV) are growing in popularity and will eventually replace vehicles that use internal combustion engines (ICE). EVs draw their power from batteries. Batteries are highly nonlinear storage elements used in a constantly changing environment making them highly dynamic and mathematically complex. In order to approximate the driving range of an EV, the state of charge (SOC) of the battery, which cannot be directly measured, has to be estimated accurately. SOC is highly dependent on the following parameters: internal resistance, temperature, and open circuit voltage. In this paper, two battery equivalent circuit models (ECM) are analyzed in conjunction with a thermal model to track the inner temperature of the battery. The states of the battery are estimated using the popular Kalman filter (KF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF), and the results are discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it