Delay-Tunable Compact <i>RC</i>-Only All-Pass Filter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We propose a second-order$RC$-only voltage-mode active all-pass filter (APF) as an analog time-delay cell. The core circuit of the proposed APF is canonical and consists of only one transistor, one resistor, and two capacitors. Therefore, this design is area efficient, and it is suitable for low-gigahertz frequency applications, where conventional$LC$designs are not practical, due to large inductor sizes. The APF design equations are derived and the circuit noise and sources of nonideality are discussed. The proposed 65-nm CMOS APF is experimentally verified to demonstrate a wideband range of 0.4–2 GHz and a continuously tunable delay in the range of 30–57 ps with an rms delay variation error$1870~\mu \text {m}^{2}$while drawing 2.47 mA from a 1-V supply.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".