Utilizing Music in Sport and Exercise at Elementary School in Indonesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractSome researchers have mentioned that music can be used in sports. The first research was published in 1999 about music in sports. It shows that music can decrease exhaustion in athletes. Most of the research is related to the influence of music toward sports and exercises, and is conducted on professional atheletes. However, it is still rarely used or researched for the early stages of chilhood education. This article intends to explain the use of music in sports and exercises in elementary schools in Indonesia. It studies early childhood characteristics and the music that has been used in sports. It also highlights some of music that can be used for the purpose of stimulating the students to do given exercises. This article is intended for the use of coaches and physical education teachers.Keywords: sport, music, sport teacher, elementary school1. IntroductionEducation in Primary Schools is an education that aims to develop the full potential that the students have. Education serves to help the psychological growth and development of students that is done outside the family environment. Education today not only serves to provide learning experiences to students, but more to the developments to optimize brain function, physical, psychological, and social development. Therefore, early childhood education should also include psychosocial stimulation and the whole process should not be limited to basic learning processes.Based on the growth and the abilities of the students at an early age, the elementary school education only aim for three goals, they are: (1) establish and develop a spirit of exploration, (2) establish and develop the creative spirit, and (3) establish and develop the integral characters. Moreover, based on the National Education System, it is stated that education aims to develop the potential of learners in the form of faith, piety and healthy living, by introducing independent activities, value of beauty, the role of democracy, social roles, national attributes and natural environment through fun activities. Thus, everything is still introduceed by the means of fun activities.One of the activities that are currently applied in elementary schools is physical education. Unfortunately, some students tend to not be involved during physical exercises. In connection with the implementation of Curriculum 2013 in Indonesia, which integrates lessons in several themes, it is possible to develop the elementary school students' physical health through a combination of pleasurable activities like music/singing and physical education. Musical activities associated with the expression of human feelings are realized through common and folk songs that is combined with music and arts as an aid in performance. Music/singing emphasizes the cultivation of values are realized through harmonious tone.Currently, music has been used by people who often exercise, athletes, some fitness centers and it has become commonplace. Some researchers have also prove that listening to music will increase health condition (Karageorghis & Terry, 1997). Music can significantly influence performance by increasing exercise intensity thus, improving endurance (Karageorghis, Terry, Lane, Priest, Bishop, & Lee, 2011). However, it is still rarely studied in the early stages of childhood education. The nature of children that are more inclined to fun activities, needs a fun sport and/or activity which can be done by combining music/singing activities and physical exercise. However, music selection is often based on intuition rather than empirical evidence. Therefore, sport and exercise can be the focus for an empirical research in prescribing music for physical activity. The purpose of this article is to show how to use music in sport and exercise at elementary school in Indonesia.2. Review of Related TheoriesIn order to develop students effectively, of course, we need to know the early childhood characteristics. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".