Automotive Coolant Inhibitor Protection of an EV Cooling System Having Copper and Aluminum Heat Exchangers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of copper in contact with vehicle engine coolants remains a vehicle OEM requirement in the formulation of inhibitors for modern engine coolants such as BASF’s Glysantin® G40®. Battery electric or hybrid vehicles may use copper coolers in their power electronic modules and aluminum coolers in their battery packs. This study compares the use of bare copper and nickel-plated copper coolers in an EV cooling system. An industry accepted inhibitor aging test was applied to a flowing cooling system composed of aluminum battery coolers and copper power electronic coolers. Inhibitor aging was aggravated by reducing the quantity of coolant relative to the copper and aluminum surface areas, and by lengthening the exposure time to 3000 hrs. Ionic concentration of copper, nickel, and all metals, remained below the 3ppm limit of detection confirming the inhibitor package protects for the use of both bare and nickel-plated copper power electronic coolers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".