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Record W3143320899

CHALLENGES OF ECOTOURISM AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

2020· article· en· W3143320899 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

venuePublished in a venue whose home country is Canada.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Economics and Finance · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicLocal Economic Development and Planning
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEcotourismPovertySustainabilityEconomic growthEnvironmental stewardshipGovernment (linguistics)TourismFlourishingBusinessEnvironmental planningDevelopment economicsPolitical scienceEnvironmental resource managementGeographyEconomicsEcology
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The basis of ecotourism is associated with poverty alleviation across the world. That is, ecotourism is believed to be significant for the generation of income, improvement of the standards of living of people, sustainability of the environment, political enablement of local societies as well as for educational purposes. In South Africa, ecotourism is believed to be flourishing and as a result, it is seen as a great strategy towards poverty alleviation. The aim of the study is to investigate the challenges of ecotourism towards poverty alleviation. Theoretically, the study will adopt the desktop study from which data will be obtained by means of literature review through scholarly articles, newspapers and government documents. Ecotourism is believed to be associated with various challenges which are environmental deterioration, inability to contribute to local economy as, well as cultural exploitation and deterioration. The challenges of ecotourism delay the process of poverty alleviation. Therefore, a balance between development and the environment should be created. There should be promotion of sustainable development and stewardship of the environment. Regardless of the challenges ecotourism has, the paper concludes that ecotourism positively contributes towards poverty alleviation in South Africa. Key Words: Poverty Alleviation, Ecotourism, Environmental Sustainability and South Africa revert

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.709
Threshold uncertainty score0.133

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.042
GPT teacher head0.249
Teacher spread0.207 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it