Vibro-fluidization of sand under coupled static loading and high-frequency cyclic loading
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An increase in the operation speed of high-speed trains often leads to an increase in the loading frequency on subgrade soil. Hence, the long-term dynamic behavior of the subgrade and the service performance of high-speed tracks are affected. To determine the stress–strain characteristics of granular soil under high-frequency loading, a triaxial test setup was modified to investigate the effects of loading acceleration and duration, water content, vibration frequency, cell pressure, and initial soil density. The experimental results indicate that there are reductions in axial stress and volumetric strain during high-frequency loading. The reduction in axial stress is as high as 40%, and that of volumetric strain, which is permanent, could approach 0.1%. The stress reduction, strain compression, and excess pore pressure are found to vary linearly with vibration acceleration when a/g > 0.02, where a is vertical vibration acceleration and g is gravitational acceleration. The reduction in strength and strains are found to depend on the loading acceleration and effective cell pressure, but independent of the loading duration, water content, frequency, and initial density. A threshold acceleration a = 0.02g is observed, below which the changes in the shear strength and volumetric strain induced by vibration are negligible. At high vibration acceleration, the strain amplitude could increase, eventually leading to a collapse of the specimen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".