E-learning in nursing education in Rwanda: A middle-range theory
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The rapid development of technology has compelled tertiary institutions to devise innovative teaching strategies to meet the students’ needs and market’s demands. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic is forcing educational instructions to shift from in-person to online learning. E-learning is one of the areas advancing rapidly and which provide promises in nursing education. The aim of this study was to develop a middle-range theory to guide the utilisation of an e-learning platform in nursing education in the context of Rwanda.Methods: A grounded theory approach, following Strauss and Corbin, was used. The study population included nurse educators, nursing students, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) managers, and experts in e-learning and nursing education. The sample size consisted of 40 participants. Data were collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussion and document analysis. Data analysis was guided by Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory framework, which facilitated the middle-range theory development.Results: Implementation of e-learning in nursing education emerged as the central concept in this model. E-learning was viewed as a mechanism to advance the country’s political agenda to integrate technology in higher education, a tool to widen access to nursing education, a student-centred approach, and blended learning. The implementation of e-learning was facilitated by catalyst agents such as institutional support, e-readiness, partnerships and collaboration, policies and regulations, effective working learning management system, and bridging the digital divide. Integration of e-learning in nursing education was expected to improve nursing education quality and increase competent nurses and midwives graduates.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of e-learning in nursing education. The adoption of the innovative, technology-enabled nursing education models would augment capacity to scale up nursing and midwifery education, enhance the quality and relevance of training, and adopt equity-focused policies. This model is a tool to facilitate the establishment of a supported network learning space in nursing education in a fluid and dynamically changing nursing practice context.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it