Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective To investigate the correlation of chronic pain after surgery and acute pain within 48 h after temporal craniotomy. Methods One hundred and seventy.six patients who underwent surgery through temporal approach were divided into 3 groups and treated with morphine 30 mg(Group M, N = 57), tramadol 1000 mg(Group T, N = 60) and morphine 20 mg + flurbiprofen 200 mg(Group F, N = 59) by patient.controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA). Postoperative acute pain(resting and movement) was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) at 4, 16, 24 and 48 h respectively. Chronic pain was measured by Short.Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF.MPQ) 3 months after surgery. The characteristics of acute and chronic pain, the relationship between them and analgesic effect of 3 kinds of analgesic drugs were analyzed. Results The differences of observed indicators including gender, age, weight and operating time, which might affect the degree of postoperative pain between before and after surgery were not statistically significant(P 0.05). VAS scores at different time points within 48 h after surgery in each group decreased gradually. The VAS scores in group T(2.91 ± 1.64) was significantly higher than group M(2.19 ± 1.68) and group F(1.71 ± 1.17, P 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of chronic pain among 3 groups(P 0.05). The overall incidence rate of chronic pain was 71.02%(125/176), with moderate and severe pain in 15.91%(28/176). Chronic pain and acute postoperative pain severity were positively correlated(resting: rs = 0.171, P = 0.012; movement: rs = 0.190, P = 0.006). The difference of the acute pain(VAS) corresponding to SF.MPQⅡ score 0 and SF.MPQⅡ score = 0 was statistically significant(P 0.05). Conclusion The postoperative chronic pain following temporal craniotomy is related to acute pain within 48 h after operation. Effective treatment of early postoperative acute pain may reduce the incidence of chronic pain.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".