Правовое регулирование лоббизма и иные механизмы продвижения частных интересов
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article investigates the limits of legal regulaton of lobbyism in a number of foreign countries (the USA, Canada, Lithuania, etc.). The lobbist activity submits not only to the rules of law, but also to the rules of ethical behaviour of officials, to the codes of a professional ethics of lobbyists. Lobbyism is connected with institutional conditions, vested in the system of functioning of authorities, and also depends on the state of development of other legal institutions elections, activity of political parties, political pluralism, legislative process. The many-sided social and legal nature of lobbyism predetermines problems with its legal grounding and practical implementation. Among limits of legal regulation of lobbyism one can mention the following: 1) it is impossibile to include into the law on lobbyism a lot of spheres of public relations; 2) the potential of noncommercial organizations is underestimated; 3) there are no obstacles for the international lobbyism; 4) it is impossible to resist to protectionism of authorities towards large national corporations, etc.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".