Multi-scale and multi-system perspectives of zooplankton structure and function in Canadian freshwaters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This review provides a Canadian perspective on freshwater zooplankton diversity and ecology across scales and systems. It aims at describing how zooplankton are diverse in forms and functions, and constitute a key component of plankton food webs, a model for ecological theories and a sentinel for monitoring ecological integrity and function in lakes facing environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors. These objectives are addressed across a continuum of scales (continental, regional and local) and systems (reservoirs, lakes and ponds). This perspective shows that the environmental control of zooplankton biodiversity, community structure and function in Canada is complex and variable. Zooplankton communities demonstrated a wide range of responses to anthropogenic disturbances across scales and systems due to interactions with watershed biogeochemistry and climate. This review supports the Multiple Forces hypothesis where forcing by abiotic factors (climate, nutrients, morphometry and chemistry) has a fundamental role at continental scale over Canadian ecoregions, and at regional scale in the Boreal ecozones. In contrast, forcing by biotic factors (algal resources and predators) is relatively more influential at local scale, in resort and urban regions. The challenge for future research will be to combine all new concepts and approaches in a global perspective to better understand the responses of freshwater zooplankton to multiple environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".