Ultra-Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing With Microring Modulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silicon photonics can be used to increase the versatility of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing (uDWDM) shrinks channel spacing between WDM channels to decrease guard bands and increase spectral efficiency. Microring modulators (MRMs) provide a simple solution for uDWDM transmitters - they require no multiplexer/demultiplexer. When used with comb lasers, MRMs provide extremely compact and low power solutions. The spectral efficiency is limited by interchannel interference (ICI) from incomplete isolation of channels. We report an MRM-uDWDM transmitter achieving channel spacing comparable to the symbol rate in each WDM channel, reaching a spectrum occupation of 80%. By choosing the correct operating point, we demonstrate experimentally our fabricated MRM chip design causes no discernable ICI power penalty. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of MRM-uDWDM to support such dense channel spacing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".