Mathematical Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Desalination System Using Evacuated Tube Collector (ETC) and Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solar desalination system is one of the technologies which converts hard water to soft water which even is useful for drinking purpose.This paper reports the mathematical modelling of hard water desalination using hybrid (ETC + CPC) solar desalination system.This model considers various parameters such as intensity of solar radiation, atmospheric temperature, wind speed, material for compound parabolic concentrator, flow rate, concentration ratio and gives idea for system performance in terms of soft water production.Experiments were conducted at Pune City which is located in western region of India and accordingly environmental parameter are considered accordingly.It is observed that average percentage error values calculated using this proposed model to quantity soft water in comparison with actual experimental results are in the range of 3% to 5%.Hence, it is concluded that numerically calculated quantity of soft water per bottle has good agreement with analytical calculation with developed thermal model.It is evident that developed model predicts the behaviour of the actual system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".