Genetic transformation of crylA （b） gene into teak
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Teak (Tectona grandis) provides one of the most highly sought after timber in the world and is a widely recommended species for reforestation. As such teak is widely planted in Malaysia. Though no serious outbreaks have been recorded for teak in Malaysia, but insect attack remains the most important threat to the timber industry. Thus, in efforts to overcome the problem, an integrated pest management system needs to be developed. Spraying of commercial Bt has been a common practice in addressing minor outbreaks. However, one of the main limitations of the spraying technique is poor coverage, especially on plant surfaces. Poor coverage, however, could be overcome by planting insect resistant trees. In addition, the approach ot using genetic engineering in addressing the above problem proves to be possible with the advancement made in genetic transformation of trees especially in the last decade. This, together with improved knowledge on gene function following improved DNA recombinant techniques promises the major advancement in pest management of forest species. This report demonstrates the possibility of transferring foreign gene into teak cells. In this study, nodal segments of teak were subjected to particle bombardment. Nodal segments bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying hygromycin phosphotransferase ( hpt ), fl-glucuronidase (flus) and crylA (b) genes were then transferred onto medium for shoot development. The shoots were than transferred onto the same medium supplemented with 10mg/L hygromycin for selection. Selection was repeated several times with six-week subculture intervals on the same Hm-containing media. The presence of the transgenes in the Hmr plants was confirmed using PCR.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".