Nitrate Supply Routes and Impact of Internal Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean Inferred From Nitrate Isotopic Composition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In this study we report full‐depth water column profiles for nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition (δ 15 N and δ 18 O) of nitrate (NO 3 − ) during the GEOTRACES GA01 cruise (2014). This transect intersects the double gyre system of the subtropical and subpolar regions of the North Atlantic separated by a strong transition zone, the North Atlantic Current. The distribution of NO 3 − δ 15 N and δ 18 O shows that assimilation by phytoplankton is the main process controlling the NO 3 − isotopic composition in the upper 150 m, with values increasing in a NO 3 − δ 18 O versus δ 15 N space along a line with a slope of one toward the surface. In the subpolar gyre, a single relationship between the degree of NO 3 − consumption and residual NO 3 − δ 15 N supports the view that NO 3 − is supplied via Ekman upwelling and deep winter convection, and progressively consumed during the Ekman transport of surface water southward. The co‐occurrence of partial NO 3 − assimilation and nitrification in the deep mixed layer of the subpolar gyre elevates subsurface NO 3 − δ 18 O in comparison to deep oceanic values. This signal propagates through isopycnal exchanges to greater depths at lower latitudes. With recirculation in the subtropical gyre, cycles of quantitative consumption‐nitrification progressively decrease subsurface NO 3 − δ 18 O toward the δ 18 O of regenerated NO 3 − . The low NO 3 − δ 15 N observed south of the Subarctic Front is mostly explained by N 2 fixation, although a contribution from the Mediterranean outflow is required to explain the lower NO 3 − δ 15 N signal observed between 600 and 1500 m depth close to the Iberian margin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".