Acoustic propagation in an Arctic shallow-water environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A short-range, shallow-water transmission loss experiment was conducted in the South Lincoln Sea, under an irregular rough ice canopy. A barrel-stave source was used to transmit 800-Hz tonal signals at depths of 10 and 30 m. The signals were received on a four-element vertical line array distributed over the 65-m water depth. To support the transmission loss measurements, a bottom loss experiment was carried out using broadband signals generated by imploding light bulbs at three depths and with data received on the same hydrophone array. Previous drilling experiments in the vicinity of this site have provided seabed information and revealed the presence of a subbottom permafrost layer. Preliminary modeling of the acoustic propagation in this highly irregular channel was carried out using a wave-based model. This paper reviews the measurements, and discusses the challenges associated with the modeling, in view of the experimental uncertainties associated with this complicated environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".