A Case Study of the Long-Term Deformation of Peat beneath an Embankment Structure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vast areas of northern Canada are covered by peat and wetlands. The number of engineering project built within peat-covered areas is increasing as resource and infrastructure development continues to expand in northern Canada. The prediction of settlements and deformations of structures built upon peat is notoriously difficult. This is further complicated as there are only a few well documented and published case studies on which to base judgment and performance predictions; and of those available, few have used contemporary instrumentation and data recording systems. This paper presents the results of an ongoing study of the long-term deformation of peat after the completion of embankment construction. The study site consists of an embankment bridge approach recently constructed upon peat. This embankment was instrumented to measure the pore pressures, settlement and horizontal deformation occurring within the embankment and the peat foundation. The analysis of three years of measured deformations and pore pressure showed that the long-term deformation is influenced by the generation and the seasonal temperature driven, expansion, and expulsion of gases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".