Reclaiming Sovereignty: Resistance to Transnational Authority and the Investor-State Regime
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter focuses upon the contesting social forces seeking to reclaim national control over processes of investor-protection. The investor-state regime constitutes a form of transnational authority that is reconfiguring state sovereignty in the world and creating a new constitutionalism by delocalizing and denationalizing the regulation of foreign direct investment. Indeed, this regime plays an integral role in the operation of contemporary capitalism by disrupting conventional understandings and practices of sovereignty, but this is obscured by the theories underpinning these conventions. Adopting a critical political economy approach, the analysis places politics at the center of analysis by questioning “who gets what” from transnational law. It challenges conventional approaches to transnational law for obscuring the powerful corporate forces that are driving the regime and eroding democracy by facilitating the loss of national sovereignty. However, growing resistance to the regime suggests the emergence of a new form of sovereignty: transnational sovereignty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".